Fire
Fire protection design is a critical part of MEP (Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing) services. It ensures life safety, property protection, and compliance with statutory authorities like Fire Department & CFO approval. Fire design in MEP mainly includes:- Fire Hydrant System
- Automatic Sprinkler System
- Fire Alarm System
- Fire Suppression Systems
Codes & Standards Used
Fire system design follows:
- National Building Code of India (NBC 2016 – Part 4 Fire & Life Safety)
- Bureau of Indian Standards (IS Codes like IS 15105, IS 3844, IS 13039)
Types of Fire Systems in MEP
A) Fire Hydrant System
Used for manual firefighting.Main Components:
- Fire water tank (UGT/OHT)
- Fire pump (Main + Standby + Jockey)
- Yard hydrant
- Landing valve
- Hose reel
- Riser & downcomer
Basic Design Considerations:
- Hydrant spacing (as per NBC)
- Minimum 100 mm dia riser
- Pump head calculation
- Simultaneous operation check
B) Automatic Sprinkler System
Used for automatic fire suppression.Components:
- Sprinkler heads
- Piping network
- Control valve set
- Flow switch
Design Criteria:
- Hazard classification (Light / Ordinary / High)
- Density & area method
- Minimum pressure at remote sprinkler
- Pipe sizing based on hydraulic calculation
C) Fire Alarm System
Electrical system for detection & warning.Includes:
- Smoke detector
- Heat detector
- Manual call point (MCP)
- Fire alarm panel
- Hooter
Fire Pump Design in MEP
Fire pump room generally includes:
- Main Pump (Electric)
- Standby Pump (Diesel)
- Jockey Pump
Pump Design Steps:
- Calculate total flow requirement (Hydrant + Sprinkler simultaneous)
- Calculate pipe friction loss
- Add static head
- Add residual pressure requirement
Fire System Design Calculation Includes
- Water tank capacity calculation
- Pump head calculation
- Friction loss calculation
- Pipe velocity check
- Hydraulic calculation for sprinkler
Fire MEP Drawings Deliverables
- Fire Hydrant Layout
- Sprinkler Layout
- Fire Pump Room Layout
- Riser Diagram
- Schematic Diagram
- Hydraulic Calculation Sheet
- BOQ
- Autodesk Revit
- AutoCAD
Fire Design for Different Buildings
| Building Type | Fire System Required |
|---|---|
| Residential High Rise | Hydrant + Sprinkler + Alarm |
| Commercial | Full Sprinkler System |
| Hospital | Hydrant + Sprinkler + Fire Alarm |
| Industrial | Hydrant + Sprinkler / Foam System |